primary school education from 7 to 8 years. At the same time, the reform did not affect the education system at post …-primary levels, that is the system of secondary and higher education. In result, all education tracks were extended by one year … men's and women's hourly earnings and employment rate. A similar finding was reported earlier for a few Western European …

-2005. We find that only the HEI graduates obtain a wage premium from skills acquired in the course of formal education. This …

general education has led to an increase in hourly wages of men, but not of women, who completed basic vocational schools. …In 1999, a reform of education was implemented in Poland, which added one year to the shortest available educational … path, leading to the acquisition of basic vocational education. In the new system, students choosing this path acquire one …