This paper takes advantage of access to detailed matched bank-firm data to investigate whether and how employment … constraints have been essentially detrimental for employment among SMEs experiencing a negative demand shock or facing strong … product market competition. In terms of human resources management, credit constraints are not only found to foster employment …

-generation immigrants. Finally, estimates suggest that around a decade is needed for the employment gap between refugees and other foreign …This paper provides a comprehensive quantitative assessment of the employment performance of first- and second … first-generation immigrants face a substantial employment penalty (up to -36% points) vis-à-vis their native counterparts …