We study how licensing, certification and unionisation affect the wages of natives and migrants and their …

, we estimate the causal effects of a firm's bilateral trade on employment and wages of immigrants from that country. We … find a positive, yet heterogeneous, effect of trade on immigrant employment but no effect on immigrant wages. …

We develop a model which shows that wages, prices and real income should grow faster in countries with low increase in … increase in their prices and in German wages. This mechanism is magnified by the low price elasticity of the demand for German …

's stock of human capital. This paper considers how markets and non-market institutions determine the quantity, wages, skills … wages. The evidence supports the existence and importance of such frictions in how teacher labor markets function. In many …; teachers on permanent and temporary contracts; and teachers in urban and rural areas. Teacher supply increases with wages …