evidence on wage payments to works councilors for the period 2001 to 2015. We find wage premia of 2% to 6% in OLS …-specifications, which are more pronounced for long-term works councilors. Moreover, we observe no wage premia in linear fixed-effects panel …

wage differences are significantly reduced or disappear. Our evidence indicates that the EA wage premium can be largely … explained by the selection of high-wage firms (but not high-wage workers) into EA membership. …

While the literature on the incidence and wage effects of over-education is substantial, specific results for doctoral … holders in Europe (i.e. in EU Member States and the UK), but also by estimating their wage penalty relative to what they could …-education wage penalty in light of theoretical models. Depending on the specification adopted, we find that over-educated PhD holders …

This paper contributes to the literature on overeducation by empirically investigating the wage penalty of job … associated with significantly lower wages but there is no wage penalty from overskilling. Furthermore, those who simultaneously … report overeducation and skills dissatisfaction experience a particularly high wage penalty. …

A number of studies have reported that union decline is associated with rising overall wage inequality, not least in … this potential source of rising inequality by examining intra-plant wage dispersion in the wake of establishments exiting … establishments and on both short-run and medium- to long-term changes in the wage structure. Using two main empirical strategies, we …