of cognitive ability. The growth indicators utilized are GDP per capita, schooling, overall and manufacturing …

' educational achievement. Our estimate shows that the unintended gain of rural education almost compensated the loss in urban China …

human capital investment in girls in contemporary China when institutional arrangements result in high costs of schooling … largely explained by the extra costs of schooling for migrant households. Finally, we show that the parents of rural children …

other is the 1997 increase in compulsory level of schooling from five to eight years. However, due to the possibility of …

in reducing gender gap in employment. …

, and whether these effects differ by gender. Using detailed students' data from an Italian university, combined with … students who acquire citizenship, particularly among males, leading to a reduction in gender gaps. Moreover, gender gaps are … smaller and show a more pronounced decrease with citizenship as gender inequality in countries increases. Results are …

findings echo the discussion on labor market mismatch and overeducation in China, which has important policy implications. …