This paper examines the impact of education, governance and North-South trade- and distance-related technology …-related) model. Findings are: i) TFP increases with education, trade, governance (ETG) and imports' R&D content, and declines with …% of its TFP gap with East Asia; iii) raising LA’s education to East Asia's level has a larger impact on TFP and on the TFP …

primary school education from 7 to 8 years. At the same time, the reform did not affect the education system at post …-primary levels, that is the system of secondary and higher education. In result, all education tracks were extended by one year … reform had a negative impact on the hourly earnings of individuals with primary education. …

(manufacturers, merchants) are most active in lobbying for industrialization. Third, industrial concentration increases progressive … lobbying for industrialization in the British data. …

In this paper, we use the Chinese General Social Survey data (2010-2017) to analyse the returns to different education … qualifications. We additionally compare the returns to vocational education with returns to academic education, at both the upper … secondary level and the tertiary level. Compared to those who only complete compulsory education, upper secondary graduates earn …

' educational achievement. Our estimate shows that the unintended gain of rural education almost compensated the loss in urban China … education. …

education in China. To address possible endogeneity of vocational training due to omitted heterogeneity, we construct a novel … instrumental variable using the proportion of tertiary education graduates relative to the entire population by year. Our main … finding is that, although returns to vocational upper secondary education appear higher than returns to academic upper …