housework and childcare as household labor. Our work is extended by examining how culture operates and is transmitted. We study …In this paper, we examine whether culture plays a role in the gender division of household labor. To explore this issue … gender division of housework may be due to cultural differences. We find that the higher the culture of gender equality in …

classrooms, increasing the demand for household-provided childcare. Using time diaries from American Time Use Survey (ATUS) and … childcare, especially mothers, compared to those on-site; fathers spent more time on household chores. However, only mothers … childcare in the COVID-19 era by the couple's joint work location arrangements. We determine the work location of the ATUS …

participation and employment. In this paper, we investigate whether increased childcare for primary school children improves the … found that less educated mothers benefited most from the reform. Thus, childcare can increase household welfare by improving …Ample empirical evidence has found that access to childcare for preschool children increases mothers' labor force …

's labor market outcomes, including their total annual wages, household income, and poverty status. The effects of childcare …Little literature currently exists on the effects of childcare use on maternal labor market outcomes in a developing … rounds of the Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey spanning the early to mid-2010s. Addressing endogeneity issues with a …

in the increase in hours of childcare and housework can be accounted for by a rich set of control variables. Instead, we … that, between earlier in 2020 before the outbreak of the Coronavirus pandemic and June 2020, women had increased childcare … and housework more than men. Neither the gender gaps in COVID-19-related health and economic concerns nor the gender gaps …

family and female employment in Mongolia in 2016. We examine the availability of childcare, social norms and attitudes … employment and earnings of women, there is little evidence focusing on the post-communist region. This paper exploits the latest … round of the EBRD-World Bank Life in Transition Survey (LiTS) and of the Mongolian National Statistics Office Household …

This paper contributes to the debate on the revision of the Barcelona targets on childcare, as promoted by the European … Commission in 2022, that aims to provide childcare for children below the age of 3. Using EUROLAB, a structural model of labour … alternative scenarios of formal childcare policies in European countries with very low child care provision for children below 3 …

The time allocated to household chores is substantial, with the burden falling disproportionately upon women. Further …, social norms about how much housework men and women should contribute are likely to influence couples' housework allocation … examine how deviations from housework norms relate to couples' satisfaction. We find that satisfaction is negatively affected …

allocates more time to paid work and less time to household production. The effect is evident for the daughters-in-law who co …-reside with mothers-in-law who have completed at least secondary education. The mother-in-law's time allocated to household … production and childcare increases when she co-resides with a daughter-in-law who has completed tertiary education. The father …

women, and one explanation for this gender gap is based on household responsibilities falling on women. But most of the …