babysit, which generate motherhood earnings penalty in labor market. Finally, well-being analysis shows that subjective … mother implies a sharp decline in labor earnings, labor market participation, working hours and wage rate, while fathers … a child, mothers have a higher likelihood for engaging in informal jobs and less possibility of being promoted if they …

by gender disparities in non-local employment, with mothers being more likely to give up non-local employment compared to …We study the effect of childbirth on local and non-local employment dynamics for both men and women using Belgian … show that 75 percent of the effect of the birth of a first child on the overall gender gap in employment is accounted for …

employment and earnings of women, there is little evidence focusing on the post-communist region. This paper exploits the latest … probability of female employment relative to women with no small children. In particular, women with two children aged one to six …Although a large body of literature has argued that motherhood has a profound and long-lasting negative effect on the …

over 70,000 individuals in the Synthetic SIPP Beta to examine the earnings gap between mothers and non-mothers over the … the intensive margin costs of having a child. A decomposi- tion of earnings gaps between mothers of one child and mothers … lifecycle and between cohorts. We observe women who never have children beginning to out earn women who will have children …

gaps in employment and earnings. We find that women have notably lower employment rates and earnings than men, even though … earnings gaps are higher in self-employment than in wage employment. Tertiary education and urban location account for a large … part of the gender earnings gap and mitigate high female propensity to self-employment. Our findings suggest that policies …

Family structure is usually believed to affect children's human capital. Is it possible that causality goes in the …

national basis. This chapter reviews various types of leave policies available for working mothers (or parents) across …Supporting working mothers to balance their work and childcare responsibilities is a central objective of maternal and … countries and whether and how the policies affect women's labor market outcomes, their own and children's health, and child …

regression discontinuity estimator based on children's birth months, we find a sizable effect of childcare attendance on women …

Ample empirical evidence has found that access to childcare for preschool children increases mothers' labor force … participation and employment. In this paper, we investigate whether increased childcare for primary school children improves the … exogenous temporal and spatial variations in school schedules with a panel of individual mothers' employment between 2002 and …

critical role of mothers in children's education. …, or divorce on children's school enrollment, for children aged from 7 to 22. We find children from two-parent families …-family types, the negative effect on children of parental divorce is higher than that of parental death, while the effect of …