disadvantaged backgrounds, and children spending the entire day at school; they do not depend on the choice of the reference group …Using census data on three cohorts of 5th grade Italian students we investigate how the ordinal rank in the within-school … age distribution affects the probability of being bullied. Identification is achieved by exploiting within-school between …

books at home and a variable combining the type and location of their school represent the most important predictors of … student performance in all of the analysed countries, while other school characteristics are rarely relevant. Econometric … Portugal. Considering only general school students, the differences between big and small cities are not statistically …

This paper analyzes the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on children's school resilience. Using an individual fixed … school attendance after the lockdown was lifted. The results show that COVID-19 lockdown measures reduced children …'s probability of attending school after the school system reopened. This negative impact increased with children's age, reaching a …

that second-generation immigrant children in the Italian primary school experience a double disadvantage that, relative to … benefits to second-generation immigrant children. Besides, we point out the possibility of exploiting the larger impact of the … relative age on second-generation children in order to support their performance and reduce the large penalization associated …

understood. We fill this gap by investigating the effects of having disadvantaged primary school peers, generated by random …

to estimate learning losses. It models the effect of school closures on achievement by predicting the deviation of the …

equitable quality education for all.” Many children with disabilities in low-income countries, however, continue to be excluded …. Realizing the right to inclusive education for children with disabilities requires policies and practices that are tailored to … and key informant interviews), this chapter explores the inclusiveness, equality, and quality of education for children …

group discussion and lecturing used in their school, including a battery of individual, teacher, and school controls, as … well as random intercepts by school. For robustness we use instrumental variables and methods to account for school …

. While native students are mostly influenced by the average quality of their peers, immigrant children are detrimentally …