the labor division between women and men and show that shocks may disrupt long-standing gender roles. The results are …

namely, Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Palestine and Tunisia. Low FLFP rates in these countries, as it is in other MENA countries …

employment and earnings of women, there is little evidence focusing on the post-communist region. This paper exploits the latest … towards women, as well as household decision-making as potential explanations. We find that small children decrease the … probability of female employment relative to women with no small children. In particular, women with two children aged one to six …

. Greater in-/out-flows to/from private sector are observed regardless the gender of the employee. Once comparing women to the … for the public sector illustrate a systematically higher magnitude of mismatch. Pooled results seem to dominate when women … good job. Hence, policy implications regarding the allocation of jobs for women may arise. …

, and the women worked closer to home. Next, due to the common pool nature of irrigation water, historically irrigation has … involved more frequent warfare. This raised the social status of men and restricted women's movement. These two mechanisms have …

builds on the existing literature on the effect of marriage on women's employment in MENA. Besides examining how different … that marriage by the median age reduces the probability of working for women by 47 percent in Jordan, 33 percent in Tunisia … and 16 percent in Egypt. Much of the effect is due to a reduction in the probability of private wage work, which is …

gaps in employment and earnings. We find that women have notably lower employment rates and earnings than men, even though … the global financial crisis had a less negative impact on women than it had on men. Both unadjusted and unexplained gender …

Despite significant improvement in female schooling over the last two decades, only a small proportion of women in … regression results show that even after accounting for human capital endowments, women are systematically less likely to … significant and negative effect on women's participation in paid work. We do not find any evidence that purdah norm variable …

This paper analyzes the occupational status and distribution of free women in the antebellum United States. It … among women by nativity, urbanization, and region of the country. While foreign-born and illiterate women were more likely … greater the slave-intensity of the county, the less likely were free women to report having an occupation, particularly as …