As China's firms upgrade their position in the quality ladder, vocational education may become more important. In this paper, we study returns to secondary vocational education in China paying attention to individual heterogeneity. We use instrumental variables based on geographical and...

While the wage effects of vocational versus academic secondary education are well documented, there is little evidence on how polytechnics degrees pay off compared to university degrees. In this paper, we estimate the polytechnic degree wage effect in China, drawing on an unprecedented higher...