Many children worldwide are left behind by parents who are migrating for work. While previous literature has studied … the effect of parental migration on children's educational outcomes and cognitive achievements, this study focuses on how … parental migration affects children's non-cognitive development. We use longitudinal data of children in rural China and adopt …

This study examines the impacts of caregiving by grandparents on children's academic performance in China, using data …

Ample empirical evidence has found that access to childcare for preschool children increases mothers' labor force … participation and employment. In this paper, we investigate whether increased childcare for primary school children improves the … parents' jobs and can play a role in reducing inequality. …

-behind families and children left much to be desired. This paper aims to provide a better understanding of the impact of parental … migration on the welfare of left-behind children in the Philippines so that policies can be devised to support them. This study … temper of left-behind children. However, they tend to be more physically sickly. This warrants government attention to …

explain the underinvestment of parents in their children's human capital. We first incorporate these two potential mechanisms …

adolescents, favoring earlier-born children within household in academic achievement and cognitive skill measures. We highlight … harsh parenting as a novel channel of birth order effects, in which earlier-born children are less likely to be physically … punished by their parents. Focusing on son preference as a potential mechanism generating birth order effects, our tests show …

-Saharan Africa). This suggests a dominant role for the parents in determining educational opportunities of children. Evidence on the …

secondary education to selective academic programs that open doors to skilled, well-paid professions. This gives parents a … strong incentive to invest substantial resources in improving their children's' achievement on these tests, thus reinforcing … educated and affluent parents do much better on the screening tests that regulate access to the most selective tertiary …

attainment, the relaxation of budget constraints, and increased social contact for children whose parents are less advantaged in …