The Chinese government is actively promoting urbanization to stimulate its economic growth while facing increasingly … efforts to promote cleaner energy demand while pushing for urbanization. This study employs system GMM models to empirically … investigate the causal relationship between urbanization and natural gas demand by using a sample of 30 provinces in China over …

instrument for urbanization and localization using the minimum distance from the work Public Use Microdata Area centroid to the … United States' coastlines and estimated industry share in 1930. The 2SLS results demonstrate that urbanization and …

The paper examines the short-term implications of urbanization on women empowerment in India. In theory, urbanization … women's empowerment remain widespread in urban environments. We measure urbanization using satellite-based nighttime light … intensity data. Fixed effects estimation results show that urbanization positively affects women's labor market participation …

This study argues that urbanization changed the relationship between the occupation of candidates running in … parliamentary elections and their electoral success. To identify local-level variation in urbanization, we leverage exogenous … suggest that urbanization was detrimental to the electoral success of lawyers but beneficial to that of employees and workers …