mechanisms to the dilemma in recent decades. Although punishment is thought to be a key mechanism, evolutionary game theory has … revealed that the simplest form of punishment called peer punishment is useless to solve the dilemma, since peer punishment … itself is costly. In the literature, more complex types of punishment, such as pool punishment or institutional punishment …

the use of loaded language significantly reduces the incidence of bribery and increases the level of punishment …. Punishment of bribery leads to reduced bribery in future. The evidence suggests that this game captures essential features of a …

welfare is reduced is that punishment can express anger about free-riding. If this is the case, then tools that regulate …

We formally explore the idea that punishment of norm-breakers may be a vehicle for the older generation to teach … between past, present, and future punishment. Information about the past is important for youngsters, because the past shapes … the future. Reward-based mechanisms may also work and are welfare superior to punishment-based ones. However, reward …