the leading principle of the Dutch education system since the beginning of the 20th century. Based on panel data for the … Netherlands we show that there is a relation between competition and student achievement in upper secondary education, but that it …

between competition and educational outcomes in secondary education, but that it is negative and small. This effect is larger …

the leading principle of the Dutch education system since the beginning of the 20th century. Based on panel data for the … Netherlands we show that there is a relation between competition and student achievement in upper secondary education, but that it …