of certification and educational projects financed with the social premium on household education expenditure. Ifind …

certification programs increase wealth in male-headed and female-headed households. In male-headed households, standards also change …

of cooperatives, as previous studies did, it is not easy to disentangle certification effects from possible cooperative …. First, in Cote d'Ivoire Fairtrade certification benefits farmers economically. Second, and more generally, cooperative … characteristics are jointly correlated with certification and relevant outcomes, which needs to be accounted for to avoid bias when …

negative effects. We use data from farmers and rural workers in Cote d'Ivoire to analyze effects of Fairtrade certification on …

Uganda. Using survey data and propensity score matching with multiple treatments, we find that Fairtrade certification … certification schemes, no significant impacts are found. Institutional factors that may explain differential impacts are discussed …

certification for extrinsic and intrinsic employment factors of hired labor on large-scale plantations remain hardly understood. In …

rawcocoa beans, cocoa powder, cocoa paste and cocoa butter. Our results show thatUTZ certification only enhances bilateral …

certification for extrinsic and intrinsic employment factors of hired labor on large-scale plantations remain hardly understood. In …