heterogeneity for contracts in Kenya. In the study region, supermarkets use contracts to source for fresh vegetables directly from …

. Previous studies have analyzed welfare effects for smallholders with crosssection data. Here, we use panel data and a … analysis focuses on vegetable producers in Kenya. Participation in supermarket channels is associated with large income gains …

supermarket and traditional channel farmers. This study uses panel data from vegetable farmers in Kenya to examine the effects of …. Using these results for simple simulations suggests that wider participation of smallholders in supermarket channels could …

Collective action has become an important strategy for smallholders in developing countries to remain competitive in … participation intensity and free-riding, using the example of banana groups in Kenya. The results suggest that family labor … smallholders are often highly diversified in their agricultural activities, farmer groups should also diversify, focusing on more …

smallholder vegetable farmers in Kenya and econometric models with household fixed effects to estimate average and heterogeneous …

smallholders. Here, we address this research gap using data from oil palm farmers in Ghana who participate in different contract …

Contract farming is typically seen as a useful mechanism to help smallholders. However, despite economic benefits, high … dropout rates from contract schemes are commonplace. We use data from Ghana to show that smallholders benefit from a resource …