The paper presents a detailed description of IMF and World Bank conditionality and tries to explain changes in this conditionality over time as well as differences between the two institutions. Using panel data it is shown that the number of Fund conditions seem to be influenced by...

Declining R&D intensities at the national level coincide with growing international technological links. Deviations of individual OECD countries from the average R&D intensity reflect differences in industry structure as well as in sectoral R&D intensity. At the same time, the sectoral...