The paper compares different aid policy instruments and their effect on the target group. Starting from a situation where interest groups compete for the resources of the government, international financial institutions aim to change the policy outcome. They can either directly support one group...

The present paper analyzes the process of monetary integration in Europe from a political-economy point of view. It argues that EMU can be less explained as driven by political factors than by the logic of European and international integration in goods and capital markets that make EMU a...

The paper discusses the relative role of private and public institutions in avoiding and dealing with the consequences of sovereign debt crises. Changes are required in the private sector as well as in the role and policy of the International Financial Institutions. Despite recent experiences...