The emergence of empirical evidence suggesting divergence between the willingness- to-accept (WTA), for the sale of an object, and the willingness-to-pay (WTP), for the purchase of an object, has resulted in two explanations. Further they argue that the endowment effect will not apply when the...

Despite the prevalent use of quota restrictions, little experimental work exists on the effect on market performance of quotas. This chapter elaborates on the different types of quota that can exist and how they are applied in the real world. This is then followed by the some experimental...

This chapter hypothesizes that any short-run failure of markets to clear depends upon buyers knowing that increased profits result from higher prices. In the absence of this knowledge buyers may give in quickly to the equilibrating tendencies of the market. The chapter suggests that fairness' in...