Three decades ago, most immigrants to Australia with work entitlements came as permanent settlers. Today the annual allocation of temporary visas, with work entitlements, outnumbers permanent settler visas by a ratio of three to one. The new environment, with so many temporary visa holders, has...

Border and interior enforcement, legal penalties, and the market for smugglers distinguish undocumented migration from legal migration and introduce a number of challenges for migrants, employers, law enforcement, and policymakers. This chapter reviews the theoretical models and empirical...

The economics literature on the international migration of skilled workers is reviewed and recent policy trends are evaluated. The theoretical implications of skilled migration are discussed within the context of the benefits to the skilled immigrant, the sending country, and the receiving...

Over the last several decades, two of the most significant developments in the US labor market have been: (1) rising inequality, and (2) growth in both the size and the diversity of immigration flows. Because a large share of new immigrants arrive with very low levels of schooling, English...

This chapter summarizes the main trends, policies, and empirical evidence regarding immigration in Europe. We start by providing descriptive evidence on long-term immigration trends and current characteristics of the immigrant populations in various important European destination countries and...

Israel perceives the immigration of Jews as one of its major goals and thus it applies no selection rules towards them. Jewish immigration to Israel hailed from Arab countries as well as European countries. While immigration has shaped the rate of growth of Israel's Jewish population it has also...

This chapter deals with several salient issues about immigrants to the US and their education. These issues include a comparison of the schooling accomplishments of immigrants and the native-born that emphasizes the considerable diversity in the schooling accomplishments among different...

This chapter explores immigrant labor market adjustment by first describing methodological and theoretical considerations central to the analysis of earnings growth and occupational mobility. When no restrictions are placed on entry earnings or earnings growth, an inverse relationship between...