ABSTRACT Despite the goal of comparative effectiveness research (CER) to inform patient‐centered care, most studies fail to account for the patient‐centeredness of care that already exist in practice, which we denote as passive personalization (PP). Because CER studies describe the average...

ABSTRACT In the outcomes research and comparative effectiveness research literature, there are strong cautionary tales on the use of instrumental variables (IVs) that may influence the newly initiated to shun this premier tool for casual inference without properly weighing their advantages. It...

Reduced crime provides a key benefit associated with substance abuse treatment (SAT). Armed robbery is an especially costly and frequent crime committed by some drug-involved offenders. Many studies employ valuation methods that understate the true costs of robbery, and thus the true social...