Competition authorities must pay attention to many industries simultaneously. Sectoral regulators concentrate on their own industry. Often both types of authority may intervene in specific industries and there is an overlap of jurisdictions. We show how a competition authority's resource...

The objective of this paper is to assess the extent of catastrophic healthcare expenditure, which can lead to impoverishment, even in a country with a National Health Service, such as Portugal. The level of catastrophic healthcare expenditure will be identified before the determinants of these...

The financial rescue plan for the Portuguese economy details a number of adjustments to be made in the National Health Service. We review the changes on user charges. The requirement of the rescue plan on user charges is twofold: structure of user charges and the levels of user charges. Adoption...