Background, objectives, and analytical tools -- Health system challenges -- Sources and uses of funds in the health sector : results of the National Health Accounts exercises, 1999-2004 -- Budget allocation, release, and spending : results of the public expenditure tracking component of the...

This Public Expenditure Review (PER) is the result of collaboration among UNICEF, the World Bank Group, and Lesotho's Ministries of Health and Finance. Senior economists from the Clinton Health Access Initiative provided invaluable support in analyzing health expenditure data. The PER covers a...

As Lao PDR prepares to graduate from Least Developed Country (LDC) status by 2020 to become an upper-middle-income country by 2030, it also expects to face declining funding from external sources and the need to increase domestic financing for health. This report aims to provide a snapshot of...

This chapter describes and seeks to take stock of a cluster of supply-side reforms that aimed to revitalize what was described by the Croatian Public Health Institute as a passive and low-impact primary care system. The cluster of reforms, which include a mix of organizational, primary care...

Malawi is a low-income country that is actively working toward achieving universal health coverage (UHC). The government is committed to provide adequate health care, commensurate with the health needs of Malawian society, and international standards of health care as outlined in the...

During the past decade, Tanzania has experienced steady economic growth, with average annual growth rates of between 6 and 7 percent. Despite this positive trend in the economy, poverty rates have not decreased accordingly; more than one-fourth of Tanzania's 53 million inhabitants live below the...

The Republic of Korea achieved universal health coverage in 1989, twelve years after the introduction of mandatory health insurance for employees in large corporations. Political legitimization of the authoritarian regime and rapid economic growth contributed to the rapid extension of health...

This report presents the result of the qualitative evaluation to understand the implementation of five adherence interventions from the provider perspective in four South African provinces. The research is part of the evaluation of the new Adherence Guidelines for HIV, TB and other chronic...

This report identifies critical opportunities and constraints faced by the Vanuatu health system as it makes progress toward universal health coverage (UHC). Protecting the achievements that have been made over recent years, while continuing to improve a broader range of health outcomes,...

This report reviews the current provider payment arrangements and policies of the Philippines, and the extent to which they have contributed to the achievement of the HFS goals. It focuses on the pillars of the HFS that center on provider payment issues, including what is paid for and by whom...