-off between deepening and broadening. The paper compares China and Russia — two large, relatively decentralized countries with …

this issue, we compare the performance, careers and incentives of regional officials in China and Russia during the last 15 … Russia than in China. In particular, we find that in contrast to China, provincial leaders in Russia are unlikely to be …

appointments of regional officials in Russia and China before and after 2012. We hypothesize that, as a consequence of the … officials has become somewhat more regularized while in China under Xi it has become somewhat less regularized. Our analysis … uses a comprehensive original set of biographical data on all top regional officials from 2002 through 2019 in China and …