The purpose or this essay is to make the connection between the idea of complexity and the work of four major economists, Smith, Marshall, Schumpeter and Hayek. The bridge is provided by innovation, in the form of emergent novelties, and the division of labour in the form of a system of parts...

In this essay I shall try to assess anew Alfred Marshall’s writing on economic change and the theory of value from the perspective of evolutionary economics. My competing claim is that Marshall’s two great works, Principles of Economics and Industry and Trade, locate him as a major figure in...