Drawing from a broad range of sources, we define and discuss the two primary ways of contemplating issues related to environmental economics, namely, interventionism and libertarianism. We then interpret a cellular automaton as a model that allows for either approach, as well as anarchy, and...

On 27 October 2007 the Russian Federation revoked Lufthansa Cargo's rights to fly over Russian territory. The withdrawal came as a surprise to Lufthansa Cargo and shortly after the dispute started it evolved from an economic to a political conflict which awoke international interest. The...

The paper was based on a systematic review and critical analysis of literature on the theory of firm. The theoretical assumption that forms the base of this paper is based on the importance of knowing the relationship between firms in different market, recognized at economic level. Based on the...

The firm possesses unique resources and capabilities. The firms have different behaviors on the real market. The analysis of firm development in a competitive environment is essential for the reassessment of the business simulation. Starting from these ideas the present paper intends to identify...

The Environment and Safeguards Group (ESG) of the IDB has examined how potential environmental and social risks of major Bank-supported road improvement investments in natural resource rich and socio-culturally diverse "frontier" regions have been identified and addressed in various parts of...

This paper proposes a concept of green infrastructure, centered on a multi-level approach to infrastructure development that addresses these impacts. The paper argues that only multi-level solutions, encompassing national policy, sector planning, and sound project engineering, will be able to...

How can LAC governments promote the use of clean and green technology in the mining sector and what are the supporting instruments, regulations, infrastructure and institutional aspects that are needed to reinforce this role within public supervisory mining agencies? This technical note explores...

This paper studies the allocation of total disaster risk reduction public spending among regions in Peru. The main objective of this work is to identify the main determinants of the distribution of these resources, and for this purpose an index of historical physical impacts of natural...