Shock has affected the future growth rates of productivity, employment level, workforce composition, wages, export …, workforce composition, wages per employee, productivity, and domestic sales. While the current growth rate of export performance …

International trade has been stated as one of the most important mean of improving firms' productivity, being the … contribute to local firm's productivity performance by incorporating better inputs in their production processes. This paper … of manufacturing formal firms in Ecuador, and, the causal relationship between the import decision and firm productivity …

findings from the literature on how productivity, innovation, and employment were impacted by the Great Liberalizationa period …, procompetitive effect of trade on total factor productivity (TFP). However, as in the 1990s, these gains do not seem to have been … limits of trade policy in boosting employment and long-term productivity growth. Policymakers should manage their …