, little is known about the impact of institutional quality on offshoring. This is surprising, given that offshoring has become … between institutional quality and offshoring. The results suggest that weak institutions are negatively related to offshoring … in general and to offshoring of R&D-intensive goods in particular. Furthermore, firms that are able to establish long …

member states Germany, France, Italy and Spain. Among the Non-EU countries, especially the USA, UK, China, and Russia … contribute substantially in terms of value added to the production process of EU member states. The USA are the most important … to achieve efficiency and economies of scale. Outsourcing, offshoring and lean production lines with low inventory stocks …