unemployment rate, whereas no such relationship is found in other hospitals. This is consistent with public hospitals providing …-hospital employment and local unemployment is stronger the more left-wing the local municipality. This latter result holds especially when …

unemployment from the time they left school up to age 30. We show that this experience is negatively correlated with the life … satisfaction that the individual reports at age 30, so that past unemployment scars. We also identify the childhood circumstances … and family background that predict this adult unemployment experience. Educational achievement and good behaviour at age …

regional unemployment rates. While employed men suffer from regional unemployment, unemployed men are significantly less … negatively affected. This is consistent with a social-norm effect of unemployment in Germany. We find no evidence of such an …

The social norm of unemployment suggests that aggregate unemployment reduces the well-being of the employed, but has a … the appropriate distinction may not be between employment and unemployment, but rather between higher and lower levels of … affected by regional unemployment. However, insecure employed men and poor-prospect unemployed men are less negatively, or even …