. For external financing of patent projects and small technology-based firms, Sweden has during long time relied on … government support rather than private venture capital firms. The empirical results show that the larger share of the patent … reasons to the bad performance are: 1) the design of the government loans, where the patent owner can escape from paying back …

R&D is undertaken at universities in Sweden. The commercialization rate is higher among small firms and entrepreneurs … licensed abroad, and even then, manufacturing of the invention often takes place in Sweden. It seems like there is a lack of … during the commercialization, or the main reasons why the patent was not commercialized. The reasons why larger firms do not …

commercialization of inventions. If the patent holder commercializes his invention, he has stronger incentives to retain the patent. The …, I take into account defensive patent strategies (e.g. deterring competitors from utilizing the patent) and pointedly ask … if there are any third factors (quality of the patent) that affect the commercialization and renewal decisions. Using a …

likelihood of patent renewal. Since the owners know more about the patents than potential external financiers, there is a problem … of asymmetric information. To overcome this, Sweden has for a long time relied on government support rather than private …

This study presents new homogenous series of top income shares in Sweden over the period 1903-2004. We find that …. When included, Sweden's experience resembles that in the U.S. and the U.K. with sharp increases in top incomes. Excluding … capital gains, Sweden looks more like the continental European countries where top income shares have remained relatively …

We study the development of wealth concentration in Sweden over 130 years, from the beginning of industrialization …

Realized capital gains are typically disregarded in the study of income inequality. We show that in the case of Sweden … surge in capital gains-driven inequality in Sweden since the 1980s. While there are no evident changes in terms of who earns …