burdens have higher entrepreneurship rates but less self-employment. Europe has a higher self-employment rate than the United … States and East Asia. At the same time, Europe has a lower entrepreneurship rate than competitor regions. Europe …

We examine whether Europe has an "entrepreneurship deficit" compared to other industrialized regions. Cross … business activity and startup rates suggest that Europe has the same or higher rates of entrepreneurship than the U.S. and East … who earned their wealth by creating new firms. Western Europe is shown to underperform in all four measures of high …