smallholders. The objective of this research is to understand how development organizations are conceptualizing and developing … agricultural value chains in Ghana to include smallholders. The study is based on case studies of five programs supported by … encourage the development of interlinked vertical contracts between smallholders and buyers and investments to improve the …

relative decline of agriculture was due to the policies of import-substituting industrialization (ISI). This was also the …. We find that the declining land-labor ratio was more important than ISI in explaining relative stagnation in agriculture … agriculture …

transformation of its economy all at the same time without a big increase in urban manufacturing. Agriculture was a critical part of … this transformation through two important channels. First, export-oriented agriculture, particularly palm oil and rubber … the macro economy. Second, through the release of workers from low productivity agriculture to more productive …

relative decline of agriculture was due to the policies of import-substituting industrialization (ISI). This was also the …. We find that the declining land-labor ratio was more important than ISI in explaining relative stagnation in agriculture … agriculture …

-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture project in Nigeria to identify associations between mechanization and farm household types. We then …

agriculture sector. In this context, Myanmar's rubber sector has the potential to become an even greater source of export earnings … only improving the institutional environment, will not result in positive returns on investment for smallholders; reforms …