Regression, matching, control function and instrumental variables methods for recovering the impact of education on … find an average return of 27% for those completing higher education versus anything less. Compared to stopping at 16 … without qualifications, we find an average return to O-levels of 18%, to A-levels of 24% and to higher education of 48%. …

fertility. As male education remains unchanged by the reforms, later life education reduces the pre-existing gender earnings gap …

We review the effects on the Covid-19 pandemic on inequalities in education, the labour market, household living …

assumptions we find convincing evidence of an increase in inequality within education groups, changes in the return to education …