Regression, matching, control function and instrumental variables methods for recovering the impact of education on … find an average return of 27% for those completing higher education versus anything less. Compared to stopping at 16 … without qualifications, we find an average return to O-levels of 18%, to A-levels of 24% and to higher education of 48%. …

to employment, unemployment or higher education. Family background is an important predictor for participation in higher … education reflecting the degree of rationing in the system. The level of educational attainment influences the probability of … entering higher education or employment. The estimates for earnings functions show large differences across gender with males …

examine the impact of education and basic skills on earnings across a large number of countries. We show that the estimated … return to formal education is sensitive to the inclusion of these measures: excluding them biases the return to education … returns to skills tend to be in English speaking countries. Comparing results across countries, the returns to education and …

that while ability has a role in determining earnings the dominant factor remains formal education. It is shown that …, particularly for Great Britain, there is a positive interaction between the test score and education in determining earnings. …

to employment, unemployment or higher education. Family background is an important predictor for participation in higher … education reflecting the degree of rationing in the system. The level of educational attainment influences the probability of … entering higher education or employment. The estimates for earnings functions show large differences across gender with males …

assumptions we find convincing evidence of an increase in inequality within education groups, changes in the return to education …