This paper proposes a framework to account for innovation similar to the usual accounting framework in production … analysis and a measure of innovativity comparable to that of total factor productivity. This innovation accounting framework is … illustrated using micro-aggregated firm data from the first Community Innovation Surveys (CIS1) for seven European countries …

This paper examines the relationship between innovation and firms' dependence on external capital by analyzing the … innovation activities of privately-held and publicly-traded firms. We find that public firms in external finance dependent … in internal finance dependent industries do not have a significantly better innovation profile than matched private firms …