Looks into the role of credit unions as a channel for financial aid to the poor, with particular emphasis on assistance from USAID between 1968 and 1992. Suggests that more internal financing would help credit cooperatives achieve greater self-sufficiency.

Examines whether the relocation of labour-intensive or unskilled assembly activities to developing countries raises overall skill requirements. Argues that these firms may stay dependent on the lead company in the international production network but could also be integrated into the global economy.