This analysis of 481 negotiations in Michigan over the period 1987–91 suggests that fundamental changes may have occurred recently in collective bargaining in small firms. Only 33% of the negotiations conformed to the traditional model of arm's-length collective bargaining; the balance...

Examining data from two national surveys of matched pairs of union and management lead negotiators, the authors evaluate the current state of practice in labor relations and test several propositions related to the transformation of American industrial relations. They find that 30–40% of...