Free trade or preferential trade areas (PTAs) allow importers who belong to the area to export to each other while …

This paper shows that how firms export (directly or indirectly via intermediaries) matters. We develop and estimate a … differ by export mode. We find that demand and productivity evolve more favorably under direct exporting, though the fixed … the WTO, its exports and export participation would have been 30 and 37 percent lower respectively …

This paper provides a new heterogeneous firm model for trade where firms differ in their productivity and experience … different market demand shocks. The model incorporates variations in trade policy, trade preferences, and the rules of origin …

quarterly data on U.S. imports, we find evidence, as do others, of trade diversion in a range of industries and products … to respond to new trade opportunities. Finally, we show that the countries that export more to the U.S. as a result of …We investigate the phenomenon of trade re-allocations across countries as a result of the U.S.- China trade war. Using …

We develop a model to study the behavior of firms in a Free Trade Area with Rules of Origin and the consequences of … strict ROOs on the intermediate good raises imports and hence improves market access in the final good market reduces imports … then lower imports of the final good lower than raise imports of the intermediate good. Their turning point is common so …

The outcome of trade policies to increase access for foreign firms to the home country's market is shown to be …

wealth. We use a two factor general equilibrium model and assume credit markets are absent. We explore the effects of trade … that developed countries need to ensure access to education when liberalizing trade to ensure they reap the potential gains … from trade …

met, we show that a MAR can increase aggregate output relative to free trade provided that the right set of firms is … targeted. In the context of a model with multiple Japanese and US firms, we show that a MAR on US imports is procompetitive as …

This paper analyzes the role of network externalities and expectations about them in the formulation of trade policy … multimarket effects are possible. Network externalities and expectations regarding the size of the network affect optimal trade …