This selected issues paper provides background on evolution, highlight the rationale behind the key changes, describe the most important extensions and their implications, and to then present several policy applications, which played a part in informing the 2023 Article IV discussions with the...

This selected issue paper discusses the desirable institutional and macro-financial conditions and optimal path toward greater exchange rate flexibility in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania. It also identifies the macro-financial risks that arise and mitigation measures supporting a smooth...

This Selected Issues paper highlights quantitative tightening (QT) by the European Central Bank (ECB). It uses evidence from the literature on the impact of central bank bond purchases and sales on bond yields, and the monetary policy stance, to outline a roadmap for reducing the Euro system's...

The 2023 Article IV Consultation discusses that the euro area economy has shown remarkable resilience in the aftermath of Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the largest terms of trade shock in several decades, thanks to a swift policy response and a strong rebound in contact-intensive services....

Cover -- Contents -- I. Introduction -- II. Recent Developments and Outlook -- III. Policy Discussions -- A. Fiscal Policies -- B. Financial Sector -- C. Growth-Enhancing Policies -- IV. Access and Capacity to Repay the Fund -- V. Staff Appraisal -- Tables -- 1. Selected Economic and Social...

At the request of the Government of Liberia (GoL), the IMF Fiscal Affairs Department (FAD) led an external assessment of the central government's public financial management (PFM) systems based on the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) methodology. The assessment was...

Cover -- CONTENTS -- CONTEXT AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS -- OUTLOOK AND RISKS -- FIRST REVIEW UNDER THE EXTENDED ARRANGEMENT -- A. Fiscal Policy -- B. Monetary and Exchange Rate Policy -- C. Financial Sector Policy -- D. Structural Issues -- E. Program Issues -- ARTICLE IV DISCUSSIONS: REDUCING...