This Selected Issues paper examines the monetary policy framework in Sudan, and assesses the effectiveness of monetary transmission mechanism since the secession of South Sudan. The econometric analysis concludes that reserve money, the exchange rate, and private sector credit are the main...

The Iranian economy recovered on the strength of international oil prices, strong rebound in agricultural sector, and rapid credit expansion. Inflation was contained while fiscal and external positions improved. Key policy priorities are to maintain short-term macroeconomic stability, transition...

This Selected Issues paper focuses on policies to address climate change in Ukraine. The war has been a setback to continued progress on Ukraine's climate objectives. Over the longer term, Ukraine has potential to implement policies that internalize climate-related priorities as well as...

This technical note highlights macroprudential policy in Iceland. Macroprudential policy in Iceland recently has centered on the property market, given the importance of this market for households' balance sheets, banks' loan portfolios, and the potential systemic risks. The Central Bank of...

This paper highlights Republic of Mozambique's Second Review under the Three-Year Arrangement under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF), Requests for Modification of The Monetary Policy Consultation Clause, Waivers of Nonobservance for Quantitative Performance Criteria, and Financing Assurances...

This paper highlights Central African Economic and Monetary Community's (CEMAC) common policies in support of member countries reform programs. CEMAC benefited from favorable hydrocarbon prices in 2022. Economic recovery firmed up and the external position strengthened, with external reserves...

This paper discusses Costa Rica's Fourth Review under the Extended Arrangement under the Extended Fund Facility (EFF), First Review under the Resilience and Sustainability Arrangement, Request for Modification of Reform Measure under the Resilience and Sustainability Facility (RSF), and Monetary...

This paper analyses Republic of Armenia's First Review under the Stand-By Arrangement (SBA). Armenia's economic activity was very strong in 2022, with real gross domestic product growing at 12.6 percent, driven by robust consumption and external demand. Growth is projected to be at 5.5 percent...