The government of Japan has pledged to substantially reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the coming decade. Japan is among the largest greenhouse gas emitting economies in the world exposing it to significant transition risk. Although Japan's overall exposure to physical risk is considered...

The FSAP's focus was on selected topics in relation to the regulation, oversight and supervision of two Financial Market Infrastructures (FMIs) in Spain, Bolsas y Mercados Españoles Clearing (BMEC), a central counterparty (CCP), and Iberclear (IC) a central securities depository (CSD). Within...

This detailed assessment of the observance of standards and codes in the financial sector of the Kingdom of the Netherlands—Netherlands Antilles reviews implementation of the Basel Core Principles for effective banking. Legal provisions are in place entrusting the Bank of the Netherlands...

This paper evaluates the Observance of Standards and Codes on the International Organization of Securities Commission (IOSCO) Objectives and Principles of Securities Regulation for New Zealand. New Zealand equity markets are comparatively small with market capitalization of about 44 percent of...

The Detailed Assessments of the Observance of Standards and Codes on the IOSCO Objectives and Principles of Securities Regulation on Kuwait review preconditions for effective securities regulation. The securities market in Kuwait is the second largest in the Arab world in terms of value of...

This article is an analysis on the restructuring banking system of the European Union. The global financial crisis created the need to restructure by immensely reflecting weaknesses in the public, households, corporate, and other financial sectors. The restructuring includes the strengthening of...

Japan has made progress in improving its crisis readiness since the 2017 FSAP, and the authorities are committed to make further enhancements that are needed. Notably, the authorities have introduced loss absorbing capacity (LAC) requirements, expanded the recovery and resolution planning (RRP)...

This technical note focuses on financial safety net crisis management in Iceland. This paper assesses and makes recommendations regarding the different elements of the financial safety net in Iceland. The scope of the assessment includes the institutional arrangements for recovery, resolution,...

Chile has a large and well-developed financial system, compared with the rest of Latin America. The market is well integrated into the global financial system, with Chilean firms investing in foreign financial assets, either directly or via institutional investors, and foreigners participating...

This technical note highlights macroprudential policy in Iceland. Macroprudential policy in Iceland recently has centered on the property market, given the importance of this market for households' balance sheets, banks' loan portfolios, and the potential systemic risks. The Central Bank of...