This technical note reviews the functioning and effectiveness of the regulation, supervision, and systemic risk monitoring of investment funds in Japan. It focuses on the requirements that are directly relevant to maintaining financial stability, namely, valuation, segregation and safekeeping of...

Japan's financial system is digitalizing rapidly, increasing exposure to cyber risk. As in other jurisdictions, the pace of digitalization in Japan has increased substantially, but cyber incidents have also surged in recent years. The tight interdependencies within its financial system, and...

The Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) carried out a targeted evaluation of issues relating to the effectiveness of banking supervision and regulation in Japan. The scope of the work focused on the key findings from the 2017 Basel Core Principles (BCP) Detailed Assessment Report (DAR)...

The Japanese financial system has remained resilient through a series of shocks including the COVID-19 pandemic. Japan's large and globally well-integrated financial system withstood the pandemic shock, aided by strong capital and liquidity buffers and extensive policy support. Credit provision...

This assessment of insurance supervision and regulation in Japan was carried out as part of the 2024 Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP). This assessment has been made against the Insurance Core Principles (ICPs) issued by the International Association of Insurance Supervisors (IAIS) in...

Japan's large and globally well-integrated financial system has remained resilient through a series of shocks, including the COVID-19 pandemic, aided by strong policy support and improved policy frameworks since the 2017 Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP). The financial system is,...

Kazakhstan is vulnerable to transition risk due to the importance of its energy- and emissions-intensive sectors. Domestic and global climate policies would negatively affect Kazakhstan's economy, its firms, industries, and banks, with heterogenous impacts across industries and banks. Using both...

Kazakhstan saw a significant increase in crypto mining in 2021 following a ban on mining in China. Volatility in crypto markets and energy shortages, coupled with a prohibition on the circulation of crypto assets in Kazakhstan, reduced the size of the market by the following year. While retail...

The Netherlands FSAP focused on three cross-cutting themes-housing, non-banks, and climate risks-while carrying out a comprehensive review of financial sector oversight. The FSAP reviewed the resilience of the Dutch financial system against a set of conjunctural and structural challenges to the...

Botswana is a small, open economy with a highly concentrated financial sector comprising banks and sizeable non-bank financial institutions (NBFIs). Financial institutions hold adequate capital and liquidity and show moderate profitability. The interconnectedness between banks and NBFIs, and...