, Italy, Norway, and Spain. The decline in VFI was achieved through progressive devolution of revenues to sub …-national governments in Belgium, Italy, and Spain, while re-centralization of health sector expenditures was the cause of the decline in …

Spain's structural reforms, implemented around 2012, have arguably contributed to a faster and stronger economic …

Spain is experiencing sustained economic and social disparities in several areas. Social spending policies have a …

targets on the basis of economic, institutional, and political factors. The framework is applied to Spain's Autonomous … Communities (regions) over the period 2002-2015. Fiscal noncompliance among Spain's regions has shown to be persistent. It … containing fiscal non-compliance. Reducing fiscal non-compliance in multilevel governance systems such as the one in Spain …

Spain's export performance strengthened after the global financial crisis, and exports now represent more than a third … indicators, those labor market reforms are estimated to account for nearly one-tenth to above one-quarter of Spain's total export …

This paper studies the main factors that explain the low regional mobility in Spain, with a view to identifying policy … market conditions, and the pervasiveness of labor market duality at the regional level are the main determinants for Spain …