Corruption is macro-relevant for many countries, but is often hidden, making measurement of it-and its effects … perception-based measures, reliance on a limited pool of experts, and an inability to distinguish between corruption and … institutional capacity gaps. This paper attempts to address these limitations by leveraging news media coverage of corruption. We …

between political fragmentation and public debt changes. Corruption magnifies the effects; with higher perceived corruption …

Paper discusses the factors that contribute to the spread of corruption as well as the implications of corruption for … markets and for public sector activities. It is argued that corruption can be contained mainly by a scaling down of the public …

This paper argues that corruption patterns are endogenous to political structures. Thus, corruption can be systemic and … planned rather than decentralized and coincidental. In an economic system without law or property rights, a kleptocratic state … revolution by creating a system of patronage and loyalty through corrupt bureaucracy. Competitive corruption patterns are …

This paper argues that oil revenue management and public investment in Congo are vulnerable to corruption as a result … of limited transparency and accountability. Corruption has potentially contributed to poor macro-fiscal outcomes. The … paper acknowledges the authorities' anti-corruption efforts made so far and proposes further critical reforms to reduce …

, fiscal, and social impacts. To support this effort, the IMF and World Bank are making their joint Climate Policy Assessment …