We study the effects of a bank's engagement in trading. Traditional banking is relationship-based: not scalable, long …-based: scalable, shortterm, capital constrained, and with the ability to generate risk from concentrated positions. When a bank … inefficiencies. A bank may allocate too much capital to trading ex-post, compromising the incentives to build relationships ex …

The crisis in Europe has underscored the vulnerability of European bank funding models compared to international peers …. This paper studies the drivers behind this fragility and examines the future of bank funding, primarily wholesale, in … possible policy options and bank actions to enhance European bank funding models' robustness …

, integrating non-bank financial entities, and exploring the use of agent-based models. As well, macroprudential stress tests should …

, integrating non-bank financial entities, and exploring the use of agent-based models. As well, macroprudential stress tests should …

This paper offers novel evidence on the impact of raising bank capital requirements in the context of an emerging … market: Peru. Using quarterly bank-level data and exploiting the adoption of bank-specific capital buffers, we find that … higher capital requirements have a short-lived, negative impact on bank credit in Peru, although this effect becomes …

and uncertainty indicators, and bank activities. The evidence we present supports the notion that there is important new …