The energy transition requires substantial amounts of metals such as copper, nickel, cobalt and lithium. Are these … of the energy transition in a structural scenario analysis. Metal prices would reach historical peaks for an …

This paper investigates the connection between climate change and energy security in Europe and provides empirical …-hydrocarbon energy and improving energy efficiency could lead to a significant reduction in carbon emissions and improve energy security … throughout Europe. Accordingly, policies and reforms aimed at shifting away from hydrocarbons and increasing energy efficiency in …

towards allowing price signals to operate more freely and providing income relief to the vulnerable. The surge in energy … prices will encourage energy conservation and investments in renewable energy, but the manyfold rise in natural gas prices … could lead to a persistent switch towards coal. To ensure steady progress towards carbon emissions reduction goals …

The oil price decline creates an opportunity to dismantle energy subsidies, which escalated with high oil prices. This … paper assesses energy subsidies in Latin America and the Caribbean — about 1.8 percent of GDP in 2011-13 (approximately … poorer institutions subsidize more. Energy-rich countries subsidize fuel more, but low-income countries are more likely to …

inefficient oil-based energy sector. In this paper we use a two-sector, open-economy, dynamic general equilibrium model to … in energy and infrastructure in scenarios with varying degrees of debt finance and with different types of supporting … adjustment. A public investment program that coordinates new investment in low-cost hydroelectric, coal or gas-fired power with a …

Jordan's initiatives to reduce its energy dependency could have substantial macroeconomic implications, but will … a fiscal framework to anchor fiscal policies if revenue from these energy projects materializes …

High energy costs contribute to dampening Caribbean competitiveness and potential growth. This paper overviews power … the energy agenda forward based on analyses of macro-aspects of energy reform. These include: i) quantitative assessment … of the impact of energy costs on growth and competitiveness; ii) evaluation of gains from implementing announced …

This paper assesses the real effects of the energy reform in Mexico by looking at its impact on manufacturing output … through changes in energy prices. Using sub-sector and state-level manufacturing output data, along with past variation in … energy prices, we find electricity prices - relative to oil and gas - to be more important in the manufacturing process, with …