, when pandemic-specific factors played a key role above and beyond demand. Prediction errors from a multilateral import … demand model in 2020 vary systematically with the health preparedness of trade partners, suggesting that pandemic … spillovers accounted for up to 60 percent of the observed decline in trade in the early phase of the pandemic, but their effect …

card purchases. Both shocks are also affected from changing infection rates under different lockdown scenarios. Being an …

The COVID-19 pandemic led many emerging market central banks to adopt, for the first time, unconventional policies in …

World trade contracted dramatically during the global economic crisis induced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Disruptions in …

another important aspect of the pandemic: its fallout on medium-term potential output through scarring. Taking Australia and … New Zealand as examples, we show that the pandemic will likely have a large and persistent impact on potential output … structural policy agenda to counter the pandemic's adverse effects on medium-term potential output will be important to support …

during the first seven months of the COVID-19 pandemic was only partly due to government lockdowns. Economic activity also … reduce COVID-19 infections, especially if they are introduced early in a country's epidemic. Despite involving short …

wake of the COVID-19 pandemic shock. Using a sample of nearly 700 firms from eleven countries in MENAP, we assess the non … are heterogenous across the region. Small firms, which entered the pandemic in a more vulnerable position, would remain …