consumption. Based on a panel of 70 low and middle-income countries over the period 1980-2012, the paper finds that import price … shocks negatively and significantly affect household consumption, but this effect appears to be mitigated by discretionary … government consumption, notably through government subsidies and transfers. The results are particularly robust for African …

as a mechanism for smoothing household consumption following negative aggregate shocks. Our results suggest that mortgage …-constrained households to maintain higher annual consumption growth compared to those non-eligible for the policy. Finally, we find that …

The COVID-19 pandemic has been an unprecedented shock to economic activity with abrupt and unexpected changes in … household consumption behavior. This paper investigates how the spread of the pandemic and government interventions have …

shock associated with the pandemic. We find spillover effects to be sizeable, making up a significant fraction of the …

persistent reductions of output, consumption and investment, that can be large, in particular if the share of public debt held …

adopted outside of a recession, based on cutting public consumption, and accompanied by reform to enhance institutions …