economy is at the effective lower bound (ELB) or in normal times does not seem to matter for the size of the multiplier … average multiplier is about 1 in normal times and between 1.6 and 2.8 at the ELB, depending on the specification. The … difference between the two multipliers is distributed largely away from zero. More generally, the multiplier is inversely …

-called r-g. Whether the fiscal shock occurs when r-g is positive or negativematters for the size of the multiplier. Median … multiplier is inversely correlated with r-g. The calculationsare based on the estimates of a factor-augmented interacted panel …

This paper investigates the role of informality in affecting the magnitude of the fiscal multiplier in a panel of 141 … size of the fiscal multiplier. This result holds irrespective of the levels of economic development and institutional …. Thus, informality raises the size of the unofficial multiplier. A higher degree of non-separability between public and …

multipliers for the United States. With these results, it computes the cumulative multiplier of Ramey and Zubairy (2018), now … multiplier is much larger than the cumulative spending one. Hence, the conclusions depend on the definition of multiplier. This …